How to File a FIR in Pakistan

(Process, Timeframe and Legal Tips) 

Complete Step-by-Step Legal Guide 2026

Introduction:

How to file FIR in Pakistan is one of the most searched legal questions — and for good reason. When a crime happens, most people panic, face police resistance, or don’t know their legal rights. A single mistake at this stage can delay justice or weaken your case.

This complete 2026 legal guide explains how to file FIR in Pakistan step by step, including the official police process, legal timeframes, online FIR registration, and what to do if police refuse to cooperate. Whether you’re a victim, witness, or family member, this guide helps you take the correct legal action with confidence.

✔ Written in simple language
✔ Based on CrPC law
✔ Updated for 2026 procedures

Filing a FIR in Pakistan is not just a police formality. It is the first legal step toward justice. If handled correctly, it triggers a formal investigation, protects your legal rights, and prevents unnecessary delays.

This updated 2026 guide explains the process, legal timeframe, and expert tips you must know before filing a FIR in Pakistan.

1. What Is a FIR in Pakistan?

A First Information Report (FIR) is the official written record prepared by police when a cognizable offence is reported.

Under Section 154 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), police are legally bound to register a FIR when information about a cognizable offence is provided.

What is a Cognizable Offence?

These are serious crimes where police can:

• Arrest without a warrant
• Start investigation without court permission

Examples include:

• Murder
• Theft
• Robbery
• Kidnapping
• Rape

Purpose of Filing a FIR

• To officially document the crime
• To initiate police investigation
• To create legal evidence for court proceedings

Without a FIR, the criminal justice process does not formally begin.

2. Who Can File a FIR in Pakistan?

Many people believe only victims can file a FIR. That is incorrect.

Anyone who has knowledge of a cognizable offence can file a FIR, including:

• The victim
• A witness
• A relative or friend
• Any informed citizen

You do not need a lawyer to file a FIR. However, legal advice can help in complex or sensitive cases.

3. Step-by-Step Process to File FIR in Pakistan

Step 1: Visit the Relevant Police Station

Go to the police station within the jurisdiction where the incident occurred. Ask to speak with the Duty Officer.

Jurisdiction matters. Filing in the wrong station may cause delay.

Step 2: Provide Complete Incident Details

Clearly explain:

• Date and time of incident
• Exact location
• What happened
• Names or descriptions of suspects
• Names of witnesses
• Available evidence (CCTV, photos, documents)

Accuracy at this stage strengthens your case.

Step 3: Written or Oral Statement

You may:

• Narrate the incident verbally (police will record it), or
• Submit a written complaint

Police must record your statement accurately in Urdu or English.

Step 4: Review and Sign

The officer will read the FIR aloud. Carefully verify:

• Spelling of names
• Dates and times
• Incident details

After confirmation, sign or thumbprint the document.

You are legally entitled to receive a free copy of the FIR immediately.

Step 5: FIR Number Issuance

The FIR is entered into Register and assigned a unique FIR number.

Keep this number secure. It is required for:

• Case tracking
• Court proceedings
• Legal follow-ups

4. Online FIR Registration in Pakistan (2026 Update)

Several provinces now provide online FIR systems.

Online FIR Portals

• Punjab Police – Click to Register
• KPK Police – Click to Register
• Sindh Police – Click to Complaint
• Balochistan Police – Click to Complaint

Online FIR registration is commonly available for:

• Vehicle theft
• Lost documents
• Missing persons
• Cybercrime
• Property offences

For serious violent crimes, visiting the police station is usually required.

5. What If Police Refuse to Register Your FIR?

Police refusal is illegal in cognizable offences.

If your FIR is not registered, you can:

Option 1: Approach Senior Officer

Contact:

• Station House Officer (SHO)
• Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP)

Option 2: File Complaint with DPO

Submit a written complaint to the District Police Officer.

Option 3: Apply Under Section 22-A CrPC

You may file an application before the Sessions Court under Section 22-A CrPC. The court can legally direct police to register your FIR.

This is a powerful legal remedy.

6. Legal Rights After Filing a FIR

Once your FIR is registered:

• Police must begin investigation immediately
• Investigation Officer (IO) will inspect the crime scene
• Evidence will be collected
• Statements will be recorded

You have the right to:

• Receive investigation updates
• Be treated respectfully
• Have confidentiality maintained

7. Important Legal Timeframes

Understanding legal timelines prevents confusion.

• FIR must be registered immediately upon reporting
• Investigation typically begins within 24 hours
• Police must submit the final report (challan) to court within 14 days under Section 173 CrPC

Delays without valid reason may indicate negligence.

8. Common Reasons for FIR Delays

Police may delay FIR registration due to:

• Insufficient evidence
• Disputes presented as civil matters
• Corruption or bias
• Political pressure

If you suspect delay, escalate to higher authorities or seek legal assistance.

9. Expert Legal Tips for Filing a Strong FIR

A well-drafted FIR increases the chances of proper investigation.

Practical Legal Advice:

• Stick to facts, not emotions
• Clearly mention date, time, and place
• Attach documentary proof
• Avoid guessing the accused without evidence
• Keep copies of all documents
• Follow up with the Investigation Officer

Precision strengthens credibility.

10. FIR vs Complaint – What Is the Difference?

Understanding this distinction prevents filing errors.

11. Sample FIR Format (Basic Example)

Complainant: Ali Khan
Father’s Name: Abrar Sheikh
Address: Gulberg, Karachi
Incident Date: 10 February 2026
Nature of Offence: Motorbike Theft
Details: Motorcycle stolen at 9 PM outside residence. CCTV footage available.
Suspect: Unknown
Witnesses: Two neighbors present nearby

Keep the language factual and structured.

12. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can I file FIR from home?

Yes, through provincial online portals (for eligible cases).

Is there any fee for filing FIR?

No. Filing a FIR is completely free by law.

Can police cancel my FIR?

No. Only a court can quash or cancel a FIR.

Can a minor file a FIR?

Yes, with assistance from a guardian.

What if police demand bribe?

Report immediately to senior police officials or file complaint through citizen portals.

Q: Can I file FIR online in Pakistan?
A: Yes, many provinces allow online FIR registration for specific offences through official police portals.

13. Why Filing FIR in Pakistan Matters

A FIR is your legal shield. It:

• Prevents future legal complications
• Creates official record
• Protects your constitutional rights
• Forces lawful investigation

Delaying a FIR may weaken evidence and reduce chances of justice.

14. Legal Resources

• Provincial Police Online Portals
• Ministry of Law & Justice Pakistan
• Citizen Complaint Platforms

Keeping official resources bookmarked saves time in emergencies.

Conclusion: Protect Your Legal Rights in 2026

Knowing how to file FIR in Pakistan empowers you. Whether you report a crime in person or online, accuracy and awareness are essential.

Always:

• Demand your FIR copy
• Note the FIR number
• Track investigation progress
• Escalate if unlawfully refused

Legal awareness is not optional. It is your strongest protection against injustice.

Legal Disclaimer:
This article is written for public legal awareness in Pakistan and is based on the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). It does not replace professional legal advice. For complex or sensitive cases, consult a qualified lawyer.